ABSTRACT:
Neem (Azadirachta indica), a member of the Meliaceae family, is a well-known medicinal tree widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. It has been revered in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha for its wide range of therapeutic properties. This review summarizes the major bioactive constituents of neem and their pharmacological actions based on recent scientific findings. Phytochemical studies have identified various classes of compounds including limonoids (such as azadirachtin, nimbin, and salannin), flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and polysaccharides, which contribute to its diverse biological activities. Pharmacological investigations have demonstrated neem’s antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and insecticidal properties. Mechanistically, these effects are linked to the modulation of oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammatory mediators, and interference with cellular signaling pathways. The therapeutic potential of neem makes it a promising source for novel drug discovery and development; however, further studies on its safety profile, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy are required to establish its standardized use in modern medicine.
Cite this article:
Gund Ashlesha Dharmaji, C.V.N. Rao. Bioactive Constituents and Pharmacological Action on Neem (Azadirachta indica). Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2026; 16(4):431-6. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2026.00061
Cite(Electronic):
Gund Ashlesha Dharmaji, C.V.N. Rao. Bioactive Constituents and Pharmacological Action on Neem (Azadirachta indica). Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2026; 16(4):431-6. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2026.00061 Available on: https://www.ajpsonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-16-4-14
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